OR that black jurors are more racially biased in favor of theirs own
https://scholarworks.utep.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1016&context=christian_meissner>The directionof effects indicated that racial bias was more pronounced in the following conditions: for Black participants; when community members were participants; and in
published studies.
<>The moderator analysis demonstrated that racialbias in juror verdict decisions was more prominent in Black participants than in
White participants, when a continuous measure of guilt was employed (as opposed
to a dichotomous "guilty" v. "not guilty" measure), when jury instructions were not
provided to jurors prior to a verdict decision, and in studies conducted or published
in the 1970s. Consistent with verdict decisions, racial bias in sentencing decisions
were also influenced by the race of the participant, such that Black participants
showed larger effects than White participants.
You can also look at racial bias of jurors outside of America like the the UK:
https://files.catbox.moe/ehohhy.jpgAms thay bias also lays on black's side
https://files.catbox.moe/1jgqb5.jpg>an arrest leading to a conviction does not mean the conviction and arrest had the same cause nor does it necessarily mean a crime was committed in the first place.Arrest rates correlate 1 to 1 with victimization surveys, meaning reported crime perpetration. (picrel 4) As mentioned, crime is overwhelmingly intraracial so this is unlikely to be biased at all.
Comparison of racial disparities in NC victimization sruevy vs arrest data was also conducted by Beck (2021)(
https://web.archive.org/web/20240511060440/https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/revcoa18.pdf) using 2018 data. Consistent with prior results, the author again found that black overrepresentation in arrests for violent crime closely matched black overrepresentation in victim-reported violent crime offenders, particularly when the analysis was limited to victim reported incidents that were reported to the police.
https://files.catbox.moe/1t2q48.webp>An examination of offenders' characteristics, as reported by victims in the NCVS, provides information on racial and ethnic disparities beyond an arrestee and population-based comparison. Based on the 2018 NCVS and UCR, black people accounted for 29% of violent-crime offenders and 35% of violent-crime offenders in incidents reported to police, compared to 33% of all persons arrested for violent crimes.Beck and Blumstein (2017)(
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10940-017-9357-6) analyzes the degree to which racial disparities in imprisonment can be explained by racial disparities in arrests. As part of this analysis, the authors also examined the degree to which racial disparities in arrests can be explained by racial disparities in criminal involvement. Criminal involvement by race was proxied using the NCVS. The authors' limited their analysis to rape, sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault, as these are crimes in which the victims had contact with their offenders and could describe their offender's race.
Before presenting their own analysis, the authors summarized the findings of a previous analysis which compared racial disparities in arrests to racial disparities in victim-perceived race of offenders in the 80s. The previous analysis found that the black share of arrestees reflected the black share of offenders according to victimization survey respondents:
>Analysis of the NCVS data has been carried out by Tonry (1995). He examined the victims' identification of blacks as their assailant in robberies and aggravated assaults for the years 1980-1991. He found that victim data on perceived race of assailants closely paralleled the black arrests among arrestees. For example, the percentages among robbery assailants in 1980, 1985 and 1990 were 54.8% (nonwhite), 55.5% (black), and 51.5% (black). The percentages of blacks among persons arrested for robbery were 57.7, 61.7, and 61.2%. He did not include victim reports in offenses involving multiple offenders.They find the same:
>We examined the issue using NCVS data on the violent crimes more broadly, including rape/sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault. We also included data on race of the assailants for incidents involving multiple offenders. Table 10 presents the percentage of black offenders as reported by victims in the 2010 NCVS and the percentage black among adult arrestees as reported in the UCR. For all four crime types, the ratio of the black percentage of arrestees and of reported offenders are very close to 1.0, ranging from .91 to 1.10. The aggregate ratio for violent crimes was 0.97. These results provide a strong indication of support for the use of arrest as a proxy indicator of criminal involvement in non-fatal violent crime.https://files.catbox.moe/m281bs.webp