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>Premise 1: Whatever begins to exist has a cause.
>The Logic: This is the bedrock of all reason and science. Things do not pop into existence uncaused out of nothing. >To deny this is to abandon rationality itself.
>Premise 2: The physical universe (space, matter, and time) had a beginning.
>This is confirmed by modern cosmology. >Einstein's Theory of General Relativity and the Big Bang model prove that space, matter, and time itself originated at a finite point in the past (t = 0). >Also, cosmological theorems (such as the BGV theorem) prove that any expanding universe cannot be past-infinite. >Time is a physical dimension of our universe; it had a starting line.
>Conclusion A: Therefore, the physical universe has a cause.
>The Deductive Result: Because the universe (including time) began to exist, it must have a cause that transcends it.
>Premise 3: The cause of all physical time, space, and matter must be spaceless, timeless, immaterial, and enormously
It cannot be spatial, because it created space.
>It cannot be temporal, because it created time (t = 0).
>It cannot be material, because it created matter.
>Therefore, this First Cause must be an uncaused, timeless, spaceless, immaterial reality of immense power.
>Premise 4: An impersonal force cannot choose to create without a prior state change, whereas a personal agent can possess timeless intent.
: >If the First Cause were a blind, impersonal physical mechanism operating mindlessly, it would have existed changelessly forever, meaning its effect (the universe) would have existed forever too. The only way for a timeless cause to produce a time-bound effect with a beginning is through volition ( , an agent who timelessly wills to create a universe with a starting point (much like an author timelessly conceiving a book that has a Chapter 1).
>Final Conclusion: Therefore, an uncaused, timeless, spaceless, immaterial, personal Creator (God) exists.
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